Pidana Perampasan Kemerdekaan Mandiri sebagai Jenis Pidana Alternatif untuk Mengurangi Kelebihan Populasi (Overpolulation) Narapidana di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan dan Beban Pemerintah
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30649/ph.v20i2.11Keywords:
Self- Funded Deprivation of Liberty, Deprivation of Liberty, Prisoner, Correctional Institution, Kind of SanctionsAbstract
The population in Indonesia’s correctional institution presents an alarming situation, because as of August 25, 2020, with a capacity to hold 133,169 prisoners, however, the total population stands at 232.585 prisoners. It is showing that the national prison population increased dramatically with an occupancy rate of 75 %. Not only is this causing a negative impact that can lead to prisonization that are counterproductive to the purpose of the imprisonment, but violating human rights. Many of the regulations contained in the criminal law such as restorative justice in the juvenile justice system or restorative justice formulated on Indonesian National Chief Police Regulation Number 6 of 2019 concerning criminal investigation are actually can be used to reduce the entry of the prisoner to the correctional institution but has not yet been done significantly. There are also many regulations to reduce the prison population such remission, leave before released or conditional release, but the methods do not appear to be able to significantly reducing population in the correctional institution and this condition leads to the violations of the human rights of prisoners and it is contradicting to the purposes of the imprisonment. Theoretical study using the library research method based on secondary data is conducted and concluded that a new form of criminal sentence can be suggested which has not been regulated yet in the country’s existing criminal law or formulated in Indonesia draft’s criminal code. A new form of criminal sentence is self-funded deprivation of liberty, which means taking someone’s freedom away based on a court judgment decided that someone is deprived of their liberty if they are legally proven guilty to have committed a crime. The enforcement of the self-funded deprivation of the liberty carried out by keeping the offender to stay in their house or in other designated places. The costs borne entirely by the crime offender and their families and the offender is also not permitted to leave home, and that the supervision from the correctional centers (BAPAS) and community may also be instituted.
Downloads
References
Angkasa, 2020, Viktimologi, Jakarta: Rajawali Press.
Chen, M. K., & Shapiro, J. M., “Do harsher prison conditions reduce recidivism? A discontinuity-based approach”, American Law and Economic Review 9, 2007.
Cross, Rupert.,1975, The English Sentencing System, London: Butterworths.
Farmer, Lindsay, “Crime and Punishment” Criminal Law and Philosophy DOI:10.1007/s11572-019-09523-7
G. D. Gaes, and Camp, S. D, “Unintended Consequences: Experimental Evidence for the Criminogenic Effect of Prison Security Level Placement on Post-Release Recidivism”, Journal of Experimental Criminology, Vol. 5, 2009.
Hart, HLH, 1968, Prolegomenon to the Principles of Punishment” in Punishment and Responsibility , Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Hood, Roger and Richard Sparks, 1978, Key Issues in Criminology. Wiedenfeld and Nicolson, London: World University .
Hudson, Barbara, 1996, Understanding Justice An Introduction to Ideas, Perspectives and Controversies in Modern Penal Theory, Philadelphia: Open University Press.
Karel Rook, Meinard, B.A, 1978, A Practical Evaluation Of The Tasmanian Work Order Scheme, University of Tasmania: The Department of Psychology.
Molineux, Matthew L & Gail Elizabeth Whiteford, Prisons: From occupational deprivation to occupational enrichment, Journal of Occupational Science, 6, 1999: DOI: 10.1080/14427591.1999.9686457.
Packer, Herbert L, 1966, The Limits of The Criminal, Stanford California: Stanford University Perss.
Separovic, Zvonimir-Paul, 1985, Victimology Studies of Victims, Publishers “Zagreb” Samobor-Novaki by Pravni Fakultet, Zagreb.
Shammas, Victor L, 2017, Pains of Imprisonment, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. DOI: 10.1002/9781118845387. wbeoc020.
Sykes, G, 2007, The Society of Captives: A Study of a Maximum Security Prison, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Thomas, Charles W, “Prisonization or Resocialization? A Study of External Factors Associated with the Impact of Imprisonment”, Journal of Research and Delinquency, 1973.
Wheeler, Stanton, Tanpa tahun, Socialisation in Correctional Institutions dalam Sir Leon Radzinowicz and Marvis E. Wolfgang (ed), Crime and Justice. New York : Basic Books. Inc, Publisher.
Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2012 tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak.
Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 1995 tentang Pemasyarakatan.
Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP).
Peraturan Menteri Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia Republik Indonesia Nomor 10 Tahun 2020 Tentang Syarat Pemberian Asimilasi Dan Hak Integrasi Bagi Narapidana Dan Anak Dalam Rangka Pencegahan Dan Penanggulangan Penyebaran Covid-19.
Peraturan Kapolri Nomor 6 Tahun 2019 tentang Penyidikan Tindak Pidana.
Peraturan Menteri Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia Republik Indonesia Nomor 03 Tahun 2018 Tentang Syarat dan Tata Cara Pemberian Remisi, Asimilasi, Cuti Mengunjungi Keluarga, Pembebasan Bersyarat, Cuti Menjelang Bebas, dan Cuti Bersyarat.
Rancangan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana tahun 2019.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Perspektif Hukum
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
