Analisis Yuridis Kegiatan Spionase Melalui Fasilitas Diplomatik dan Konsular
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30649/ph.v23i2.240Keywords:
Cyber Espionage, Diplomatic Freedom, Diplomatic Facilities, Consular FacilitiesAbstract
This paper discusses espionage activities conducted by states to obtain and collect confidential and important information through diplomatic and consular facilities. Diplomatic and consular facilities are considered an extension of the sending state's territory in the receiving state and are protected by international law that serves to facilitate international relations with states. This paper will examine important issues related to the extent to which these espionage activities violate international law and the legal mechanisms to address them. Furthermore, it mentioned cases in which states have been accused of espionage through their diplomatic and consular facilities, and the impact this has had on interstate relations, and provides a better insight into the complexity of the espionage issue, including maintaining integrity and principles in diplomacy.Downloads
References
Dinesh Dayma, Jurisdictional Challenges in Cyberspace – A Critical Legal Analysis of Legal Theories and Laws in India, in Pradeep Kulshrestha, Anita Singh, Ritu Gautam (Editors), 2022, Cyber Crime, Regulation and Security: Contemporary Issues and Challenges, The Law Brigade Publisher, Ahmedabad
Russel Buchan, Cyber espionage and International Law, Hart Publishing, Oxford, UK, 2018
Alexandra T. Harrison, ”Thailand: The Return of Authoritarianism”, Pandion: The Osprey Journal of Research & Ideas Vol. 3 No. 1, , 2022: 3
Aljosa Komljenovic,” Espionage and Its Relation to Diplomats and Intelligence Officers”, International Scientific Journal on European Perspectives, volume 9, number 1 (16), 2018: 39-40
AP Edi Atmaja, ”Kedaulatan Negara Di Ruang Maya: Kritik UU ITE Dalam Pemikiran Satjipto Rahardjo”, Jurnal Opinio Juris, Vol. 16, 2014: 50.
Bhatara Ibnu Reza, ”Yurisdiksi Universal: Praktik, Prinsip Dan Realitas”, Jurnal HAM, Vol. 2 No. 2, 2004:80.
Danel Aditia Situngkir, ”Perbandingan Yurisdiksi Mahkamah Pidana Internasional dengan Pengadilan HAM Indonesia”, Indonesia Journal of Criminal Law (IJoCL), Vol. 1 No. 2, 2019: 113
Dian Khoreanita Pratiwi, ”Pelaksanaan Prinsip Yurisdiksi Universal Mengenai Pemberantasan Kejahatan Perompakan Laut di Wilayah Indonesia”, Jurnal Selat, Vol. 5 No. 1, 2017
Hamdan Mustameer, ”Penegakan Hukum Nasional dan Hukum Internasional Terhadap Kejahatan Cyber espionage Pada Era Society 5.0”, Jurnal Yustika Vol. 25 No. 01, 2022:43.
Kievly Andrew Tambuwun, ”Tanggung Jawab Pejabat Diplomatik Yang Melakukan Kegiatan Spionase Menurut Hukum Internasional”, Lex Et Societatis, Vol. VII No. 2, 2019: 72.
L. Ya Esti Pratiwi, Zezito Fatima Martins Correia, ”Hukum Siber: Praktik Spionase Dalam Kedaulatan Negara Dan Hubungan Diplomasi Berdasarkan Ketentuan Hukum Internasional”, Jurnal Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Undiksha Vol. 8 No. 3, 2020: 209.
Lisna Wati Salehun, Yohanes Sulaiman, ”Kebijakan Luar Negeri Indonesia Dan Kepemimpinan Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono: Studi Kasus Spionase Australia”, Jurnal Aksi Reformasi Government Dalam Demokrasi, Volume 7 Nomor 2, 2019: 154
M. Iman Santoso, ”Kedaulatan Dan Yurisdiksi Negara Dalam Sudut Pandang Keimigrasian”, Binamulia Hukum, Vol. 7 No. 1, 2018: 9
Nugraha Purna Atmadja, ”Dukungan Indonesia Terhadap Resolusi Anti Spionase Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa”, eJournal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional, Volume 5, Nomor 3, 2-17: 940.
Sigit Riyanto, ”Kedaulatan Negara Dalam Kerangka Hukum Internasional Kontemporer”, Yustisia, Vol. 1 No. 3, 2012:5
Hadi Maulana, Reni Susanti, (2023), Terlibat “love scamming”, 132 WNA China Ditangkap dan Dideportasi, Kompas.com, at https://regional.kompas.com/read/2023/09/20/175007378/terlibat-love-scamming-132-wna-china-yang-ditangkap-di-batam-dideportasi
https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/berita_indonesia/2013/11/131120_bin_sadap_australia
Rebecca Beitsch, (2022), US Expell 12 Russian Diplomats for “Espionage Activities”, The Hill, at https://thehill.com/policy/international/596175-us-expels-12-russian-diplomats-for-espionage-activities/
Shahid Saeed, (2011), Caught! (But What?), The Friday Times, Vol. XXII, No. 3., Pakistan, at https://web.archive.org/web/20140112055239/http:/www.thefridaytimes.com/04032011/page26.shtml
Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 18 December 2013 on The Right to Privacy in the Digital Age.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2023 All writings published in this journal are personal views of the authors and do not represent the views of this journal and the author's affiliated institutions. Author(s) retain copyrights under the licence of Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0).
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
