Corporate Liability Of Banks For Failures In Implementing Green Banking Principles
Tanggung Jawab Korporasi Bank atas Kegagalan dalam Menerapkan Prinsip-Prinsip Perbankan Hijau
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30649/ph.v26i1.629Keywords:
Green Central Banking, Banking Institutions, Credit, Legal Liability, Environmental RiskAbstract
The global transition toward a low-carbon economy is driving the adoption of Green Central Banking to integrate environmental risks into financial stability. In Indonesia, the Sustainable Finance mandate requires banks to implement ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) principles; however, lending practices to “brown sectors” remain prevalent. This normative legal research analyzes the standing of these principles and maps the legal liability of banks through statutory and conceptual approaches. The results indicate that these principles have transformed from soft law into hard law through OJK (Financial Services Authority) regulations. Non-compliance gives rise to multidimensional liability: administrative via OJK sanctions; civil through the Lender Liability doctrine (Article 1365 of the Indonesian Civil Code) for negligence in due diligence; and criminal regarding involvement in environmental degradation and money laundering risks. The study concludes that current liability mechanisms remain fragmented. Harmonization of regulations and the tightening of environmental legal audit standards in credit distribution are essential to mitigate legal risks and ensure banking compliance with national sustainability targets. The novelty of this research lies in its construction of a unified, multidimensional liability framework—integrating administrative, civil, and criminal law dimensions—specifically within the Indonesian legal context, an analytical synthesis that existing sustainable finance literature in Indonesia has not yet comprehensively addressed. Unlike prior studies that examine OJK regulations or the Lender Liability doctrine in isolation, this research maps the normative intersections between the Banking Law, UU PPLH, and POJK 51/2017 to expose systemic gaps and propose concrete directions for legal harmonization.
Downloads
References
Abdullah, Burhanudin. Peran Serta dalam Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup Meningkat. Jakarta: Siaran Pers Bersama Bank Indonesia dan Kementerian Negara Lingkungan Hidup, 8 September 2004.
Al Arif, Mohammad Nur Rianto. Membangun Resiliensi Ekonomi Indonesia di Tengah Badai Global. Jakarta: UIN Syarif Hidayatullah, 30 Oktober 2025. https://www.uinjkt.ac.id/id/membangun-resiliensi-ekonomi-indonesia-di-tengah-badai-global.
Ibrahim, Johnny. Teori dan Metodologi Penelitian Hukum Normatif. Malang: Bayumedia Publishing, 2016.
Inter-agency Task Force on Financing for Development. Financing for Sustainable Development Report 2021. New York: United Nations, 2021.
Jeucken, Marcel. Sustainable Finance and Banking: The Financial Sector and the Future of the Planet. London: Earthscan Publications Ltd, 2001.
Mara, Mirza Yuniar Isnaeni, Tonny Noor Tjahjono, Riris Shanti Fransiska Pardede, dkk. Ekonomi dan Keuangan Hijau: Konsep dan Implementasi di Indonesia. Jakarta: Bank Indonesia Institute, Maret 2025.
Marzuki, Peter Mahmud. Penelitian Hukum: Edisi Revisi. Jakarta: Prenada Media Group, 2017.
Naldo, Rony Andre Christian, Mesdiana Purba, dan Ifransko Pasaribu. Perlunya Penerapan Pertanggungjawaban Mutlak Terhadap Korporasi Sebab Perbuatan Melawan Hukum Menimbulkan Ancaman Serius. Penerbit EnamMedia, 2022.
Network for Greening the Financial System (NGFS). First Comprehensive Report: A Call for Action. Paris: NGFS Publications, 2019.
Panjaitan, Leonard Tiopan. Bank Ramah Lingkungan. Diedit oleh Tiras Kamal. Cetakan 1. Jakarta: Penebar Plus, 2015.
Richardson, Benjamin J. Environmental Regulation through Strategic Environmental Management of Financial Institutions. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018.
Shirai, Sayuri. Green Central Banking and Regulation to Foster Sustainable Finance. Japan: Asian Development Bank Institute, Februari 2023. https://www.adb.org/publications/green-central-banking-and-regulation-foster-sustainable-finance.
Sjahdeini, Sutan Remy. Perbankan Hijau: Perspektif Hukum dan Tanggung Jawab Sosial. Jakarta: Kencana, 2020.
Sumardjono, Maria S.R. Hukum Lingkungan dan Kebijakan Keuangan Berkelanjutan di Indonesia. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press, 2022.
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). State of Finance for Nature 2021: Tripling Investments in Nature-based Solutions by 2030. Nairobi: UNEP, 2021.
Wibisana, Andri G. Penegakan Hukum Lingkungan melalui Pertanggungjawaban Perdata. Jakarta: Badan Penerbit FH UI, 2017.
Ardiansyah, Aldizar Fikri, dkk. "Prinsip Pertanggungjawaban Mutlak Akibat Perbuatan Melawan Hukum Dalam Sengketa Pencemaran Lingkungan." Media Hukum Indonesia (MHI) 2, no. 3 (2024). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11634422.
Chiaramonte, L., A. Dreassi, C. Girardone, and S. Pisera. "Do ESG Strategies Enhance Bank Stability During Financial Turmoil? Evidence from Europe." The European Journal of Finance 28, no. 12 (2022): 1180. https://doi.org/10.1080/1351847X.2021.1964556.
Cui, Y., S. Geobey, O. Weber, and H. Lin. "The Impact of Green Lending on Credit Risk in China." Sustainability 10, no. 6 (2018): 2008. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10062008.
Ilham, Muhammad. "Tinjauan Yuridis Terhadap Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Korporasi Atas Tindak Pidana Lingkungan." Indonesia Journal of Business Law 4, no. 1 (2025): 21–39. https://doi.org/10.47709/ijbl.v4i1.5371.
Kontesa, Emelia, Zico Junius Fernando, dan Sawitri Yuli Hartati. "Mewujudkan Perbankan Berkelanjutan Dengan Green Banking: Aspek Hukum Pidana Dalam Perlindungan Lingkungan." Bina Hukum Lingkungan 8, no. 1 (2023): 1–22. https://doi.org/10.24970/bhl.v8i1.240.
Makarenko, Inna, Yulia Yelnikova, Anna Lasukova, dan Abdul Rahman Barhaq. "Corporate social responsibility of financial sector institutions in the light of sustainable development goals financing: the role of banks and stock exchanges." Public and Municipal Finance 7, no. 3 (2018): 1-14. https://doi:10.21511/pmf.07(3).2018.01.
Naiborhu, Netty Songtiar Rismauly. "Implikasi Yuridis Konsep Green Banking Terhadap Perbankan Di Indonesia." Bina Hukum Lingkungan 7, no. 3 (2023): 334-52. https://doi.org/10.24970/bhl.v7i3.341
Oka, Nabila Khuriah Dwi dan Ancella Anitawati Hermawan. "Evaluasi Penerapan Keuangan Berkelanjutan Berdasarkan POJK Nomor 51/POJK.03/2017 (Studi Kasus Pada Bank Sumsel Babel)." Owner: Riset Dan Jurnal Akuntansi 9, no. 1 (2025): 623–39. https://doi.org/10.33395/owner.v9i1.2392.
Rahma, Anisa Khusnul, dkk. "Tanggung Jawab Hukum Korporasi Atas Pencemaran Lingkungan: Analisis Yuridis Terhadap Konsep Pertanggung Jawaban Dalam Undang-Undang No. 32 Tahun 2009 Dan Peraturan Pelaksanaanya." Jurnal Tana Mana 6, no. 2 (2025): 294–304. https://doi.org/10.33648/jtm.v6i2.1331.
Rahmayati, Rahmayati, Siti Mujiatun, and Maya Sari. "Islamic Green Banking At Bank Pembangunan Daerah In Indonesia." Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal Of Sharia Economics (IIJSE) 5, no. 1 (2022): 74-93. https://doi.org/10.31538/iijse.v5i1.1850
Riyadi, Qurratu'Ain Bintang, Diva Rizky Ramadhan, and Nandang Kusnadi. "Peran Hukum Ekonomi Dalam Implementasi Green Banking Sebagai Upaya Mendukung Ekonomi Hijau Di Indonesia." Indonesian Journal of Islamic Jurisprudence, Economic and Legal Theory 4, no. 1 (2026): 391-409. https://doi.org/10.62976/ijijel.v4i1.1624.
Romana Widyarni, Elsa, Edra Satmaidi, and Widiya N Rosari. "Komitmen Perseroan Terbatas Terhadap Pencantuman Klausula Tanggung Jawab Sosial Dan Lingkungan Dalam Akta Pendirian Perseroan Terbatas Di Kota Bengkulu." Jurnal Multidisiplin Dehasen (MUDE) 5, no. 2 (2026): 917-24. https://doi.org/10.37676/mude.v5i2.10478.
Scholtens, B. "Corporate Social Responsibility in the International Banking Industry." Journal of Business Ethics 86, no. 2 (2009): 159-175. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-008-9841-x.
Soundarrajan, P., and N. Vivek. "Green Finance for Sustainable Green Economic Growth in India." Agricultural Economics 62, no. 1 (2016): 35-44. https://doi.org/10.17221/174/2014-AGRICECON.
Susanti, Revameila, Muhammad Haidar Pasha, and Teguh Abdurrohman Shodiq. "Tindak Pidana Perbankan Di Indonesia: Analisis Yuridis Terhadap Jenis Kejahatan Dan Pertanggungjawaban Pidana." Journal of Legal, Political, and Humanistic Inquiry 1, no. 2 (2025): 169-76. https://doi.org/10.65310/rrtwa083.
Thompson, P., and C.J. Cowton. "Bringing the Environment into Bank Lending: Implications for Environmental Reporting." The British Accounting Review 36, no. 2 (2004): 197-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bar.2003.11.005.
Wanta, Derry, Ismi Mardianti, and Rinto Noviantoro. "Sustainable Linked Loans And The Blue Economy." Journal of Management, Economic, and Accounting 4, no. 2 (2025): 389-96. https://doi.org/10.37676/jmea.v4i2.842.
Wati, Risma dan Muhammad Iqbal Fasa. "Strategi Pengembangan Green Banking Dalam Pembiayaan Berkelanjutan: Tantangan Dan Peluang Bagi Perbankan Syariah Di Indonesia." MAMEN: Jurnal Manajemen 4, no. 2 (2025): 105–18. https://doi.org/10.55123/mamen.v4i2.4913.
Weber, O., R.W. Scholz, and G. Michalik. "Incorporating Sustainability Criteria into Credit Risk Management." Business Strategy and the Environment 19, no. 1 (2010): 39-50. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.636.
Zhang, B., Y. Yang, and J. Bi. "Tracking the Implementation of Green Credit Policy in China: Top-Down Perspective and Bottom-Up Reform." Journal of Environmental Management 92, no. 4 (2011): 1321-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.12.019
Green Finance Platform. "Regulation (EU) 2020/852 on the establishment of a framework to facilitate sustainable investment." https://www.greenfinanceplatform.org/policies-and-regulations/regulation-eu-2020852-establishment-framework-facilitate-sustainable.
Indonesia. Indonesian Civil Code. Art. 1365. Accessed April 27, 2026. https://jdih.mahkamahagung.go.id/legal-product/kitab-undang-undang-hukum-perdata/detail.
Indonesia. Law Number 7 of 1992 concerning Banking. As amended by Law No. 10 of 1998. Art. 1. Accessed April 27, 2026. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/46599/uu-no-7-tahun-1992.
Indonesia. Law Number 8 of 2010 concerning the Prevention and Eradication of the Crime of Money Laundering. Art. 3. Accessed April 27, 2026. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/38547/uu-no-8-tahun-2010.
Indonesia. Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management. Art. 88. Accessed April 27, 2026. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/38771/uu-no-32-tahun-2009.
Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. "Lembaga Perbankan." Accessed April 27, 2026. https://ojk.go.id/id/kanal/perbankan/ikhtisar-perbankan/Pages/Lembaga-Perbankan.aspx.
Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. "Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Nomor 17 Tahun 2023 tentang Penerapan Tata Kelola bagi Bank Umum." September 14, 2023. https://www.ojk.go.id/id/regulasi/Pages/Penerapan-Tata-Kelola-Bagi-Bank-Umum.aspx.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2026 All writings published in this journal are personal views of the authors and do not represent the views of this journal and the author's affiliated institutions. Author(s) retain copyrights under the licence of Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0).
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
